Given the complexity of the topic, the broad array of regulatory chemicals risk analysis, performed under different sectoral regulatory, this document does not have the ambition to be exhaustive, but represent an attempt to provide a key to understanding the complex mechanism of the regulation of pesticides aimed to assure a sustainable use of pesticides also in view of the new strategies and ambitions targets of Europe toward a toxic free environment and climate neutrality by 2050.The author of this document is Maura Calliera and was produced in the frame of Ph.d. in Agro-food system (AGRISYSTEM)-XXXVIII Cycle.